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- Date: Mon, 26 Apr 93 17:45:39 GMT
- From: Jorge Frazao de Oliveira <frazao@colombo.puug.pt>
- Message-Id: <9304261745.AA02646@colombo.puug.pt>
- Received: by NeXT Mailer (1.62)
- To: vixie
- Subject: Re: send me your tools
-
- Hi,
-
- I have implemented a package that allow to check several of the
- most usually problems in DNS.
- Find attached the introduction page of the manual.
-
- This package is available in ftp.ripe.net:/tools/dns/ddt.
-
- I'll appreciate your comments,
- Thanks
-
- Jorge Frazao
-
- ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
- May 6 1992 ddt(1)
- Domain Debug Tools Manual
-
-
-
- NAME
- ddt - domain debug tools
-
- DESCRIPTION
- The DNS database is a distributed database where almost all the distri-
- buted bindings of the TCP/IP application level take place. This database
- is managed by several primary and secondary servers running in a
- master/slave fashion. During updates, there are temporary inconsisten-
- cies that are more or less tolerated by the different user services. By
- its nature, the database is managed in a descentralized way, with hun-
- dreds, or even thousands, of individuals envolved. This is a very
- interesting and valuable feature of this application. However, in con-
- junction with the fact that inconsistencies must be tolerated, this col-
- lective managing style may lead to the introduction of hard to find
- errors. Sometimes, some of these errors can introduce several problems
- and resource usage far from ideal.
-
- Ddt (domain debug tools) is a package to help zone administrators to
- avoid as much as possible these problems. The package is a set of com-
- mands that allow administrators to analyze any portion of the DNS tree.
-
- Ddt works on cached data files because, as such, it can be reasonable
- efficient. A command is available to try to cache the "real world"
- situation as close as possible. This command, ddt-xfer(1), is a
- slightly modified version of the bind named-xfer(8) that allows the
- transfer to the cache of a zone and, optionally, all its descendents
- zones. If you have enough disk and bandwith, you can cache all the zones
- of the world with one only command. Probably, at end, you should start
- again because some of the cached zones will not reflect the real ones
- anymore.
-
- All the available commands can receive one or more zone files as parame-
- ters. So, one command can spread its analysis throughout a set of
- zones. With the exception of ddt-xfer(1), all commands are written in
- gawk (GNU awk).
-
- The commands available are:
-
- ddt-xfer to cache one or more zones.
-
- soac to analyze the RRs that describe the top node of the zone,
- i.e., the NS RRs that list the servers for the zone and a
- single SOA RR that describe zone management parameters.
-
- rrc to check the semantic of the RRs, like valid host names,
- names without trailing dot, etc.
-
- grc to analyze the glue records for a zone.
-
- mxc to analyze the MX RRs defined within a zone.
-
- rmc to analyze the reverse mapping.
-
-
- 1
-
-
-
-
-
-
- ddt(1) May 6 1992
- Domain Debug Tools Manual
-
-
-
-
- Besides the commands that allow the analysis of the zone, there are some
- small commands to obtain several accounts, like number of hosts, number
- of nets, number of domains, most popular names, etc. In conjunction
- with some user written awk scripts, it is easy to obtain a lot of other
- information. These commands are the following filters:
-
- expand replaces the owner name of the RR by an absolute or fully
- qualified name.
-
- hosts returns all hosts in the zone.
-
- hosts-addr returns all hosts with their ip-addresses.
-
- hosts-domain returns all domains defined in the zones with the number
- of hosts per domain.
-
- cnames returns all nicknames in the zone.
-
- nets returns all nets in the zone with the number of hosts per
- network.
-
- names-stat does some statistics about names.
-
-
- To make the interpretation of the several messages returned by the
- available commands easier, those messages are divided into four levels
- of severity:
-
- [Warning 1] You should investigate it now!
-
- [Warning 2] Don't forget this warning!
-
- [Warning 3] You should analyze it someday!
-
- [Comment] You can ignore it /
- DDT has not enough data to take an effective decision.
-
- Messages belonging to [Warning 1] level are the most serious. On the
- other hand, messages belonging to [Comment] level are less important,
- but this doesn't mean that these messages can be completely ignored.
- Unfortunately, there are some serious errors that were included in the
- this level because, when the message is displayed, DDT has not enough
- data (zone files) to take an effective decision.
-
- The DDT_LEVEL environment variable is used to select what messages
- should be displayed. If it has the value 1, only messages belonging to
- [Warning 1] level are displayed. If it is 2 are displayed all messages
- belonging to [Warning 1] and [Warning 2] levels and so on.
-
-
-
-
-
- 2
-
-
-
-
-
-
- May 6 1992 ddt(1)
- Domain Debug Tools Manual
-
-
- The commands ddt-xfer(1), grc(1), mxc(1), rrc(1) rmc(1) and saoc (1) are
- described in separate manual pages. The commands for gathering statis-
- tics about zones are described below with some examples.
-
- 1) Get all zones below the domain fr. (inclusive):
-
- ddt-xfer -z fr -f . -r inria.inria.fr layon.inria.fr
-
-
- 2) Get the zone ul.pt only if the serial number had changed:
-
- ddt-xfer -z ul.pt -f . -s 199202140 muttley.ul.pt dec4pt.puug.pt
-
-
- 3) Generate the portuguese statistics of hostnames (All zones below pt.
- are in /usr/local/ddt.cache/pt directory):
-
- expand /usr/local/ddt.cache/pt/* | hosts | names-stat | sort -rn
-
-
- 4) Count hosts in a zone beginning at the node inesc.pt (The zone
- inesc.pt is in the file /usr/local/ddt.cache/pt/inesc.pt):
-
- expand /usr/local/ddt.cache/pt/inesc.pt | hosts | wc -l
-
-
- 5) Print the number of hosts by nets in Italy (All zones below it. are
- in /usr/local/ddt.cache/it directory):
-
- expand /usr/local/ddt.cache/it/* | hosts-addr | nets | sort -rn
-
-
- Comments and suggestions are welcome.
-
- SEE ALSO
- ddt-xfer(1), soac(1), rrc(1), mxc(1), grc(1), rmc(1)
-
- AUTHOR
- Jorge Frazao
-
-